Completed main levels to progress to text-rendering and 2d development.

- Only lessons left are geometry shaders and anti-aliasing
- will get to those later on soon
- need to do text rendering now

1 files changed, 196 insertions, 654 deletions

diff --git a/source/main.cpp b/source/main.cpp
index b4b9e2c..a9e5c81 100644
--- a/source/main.cpp
+++ b/source/main.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <SDL2/SDL.h>
 #include <glad/glad.h>
 #include <assimp/Importer.hpp>
@@ -24,6 +25,12 @@
 *		 that ofcourse everything is actually happening from the cameras' perspective. I would still love to figure this out.
 */
 
+/*
+ * @note:
+ * Model loading is busted and is missing a lot of things, not that it matters for now, 
+ * but it will be useful for the future
+ */
+
 typedef uint8_t   u8;
 typedef uint16_t u16;
 typedef uint32_t u32;
@@ -317,27 +324,92 @@ class Mesh {
     glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, indices.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
     glBindVertexArray(0);
   }
+
+  void draw_instanced(u32 shader_program, u32 instance_count)
+  {
+    glUseProgram(shader_program);
+
+    u32 diffuse_num = 1;
+    u32 specular_num = 1;
+    char tex_unit_name[64];
+    // set shininess
+    s32 mat_shine_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "material.shininess");
+    glUniform1f(mat_shine_loc, 32.0f);
+
+    for (u32 i=0; i<textures.size(); i++)
+    {
+      struct Texture curr_tex = textures[i];
+      if (curr_tex.type == TextureDiffuse)
+      {
+        sprintf(tex_unit_name, "material.diffuse[%i]", diffuse_num);
+      }
+      else if (curr_tex.type == TextureSpecular)
+      {
+        sprintf(tex_unit_name, "material.diffuse[%i]", specular_num);
+      }
+
+      glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + i);
+      s32 tex_unit_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, tex_unit_name);
+      glUniform1i(tex_unit_loc, i);
+      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, curr_tex.id);
+    }
+    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+
+    glBindVertexArray(vao);
+    glDrawElementsInstanced(GL_TRIANGLES, indices.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0, instance_count);
+    glBindVertexArray(0);
+  }
 };
 
 class Model
 {
   public:
+    std::vector<Texture> loaded_textures;
+    std::vector<Mesh> meshes;
+    std::string directory;
+
     Model(std::string path)
     {
       load_model(path);
     }
+    void instance_mesh();
     void draw(u32 shader_program);
+    void draw_instanced(u32 shader_program, u32 instance_count);
   private:
-    std::vector<Texture> loaded_textures;
-    std::vector<Mesh> meshes;
-    std::string directory;
-
     void load_model(std::string path);
     void process_node(aiNode *node, const aiScene *scene);
     Mesh process_mesh(aiMesh *mesh, const aiScene *scene);
     std::vector<Texture> load_material_textures(aiMaterial *mat, aiTextureType type, TextureType type_name);
 };
 
+void Model::instance_mesh()
+{
+  for (u32 i=0; i < meshes.size(); i++)
+  {
+    Mesh curr_mesh = meshes[i];
+    glBindVertexArray(curr_mesh.vao);
+    glVertexAttribPointer(3, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 16 * sizeof(u32), (void*)0);
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(3);
+
+    glVertexAttribPointer(4, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 16 * sizeof(u32), (void*)(4*sizeof(u32)));
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(4);
+
+    glVertexAttribPointer(5, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 16 * sizeof(u32), (void*)(8*sizeof(u32)));
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(5);
+
+    glVertexAttribPointer(6, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 16 * sizeof(u32), (void*)(12*sizeof(u32)));
+    glEnableVertexAttribArray(6);
+
+    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+    glVertexAttribDivisor(3, 1);
+    glVertexAttribDivisor(4, 1);
+    glVertexAttribDivisor(5, 1);
+    glVertexAttribDivisor(6, 1);
+
+    glBindVertexArray(0);
+  }
+}
+
 void Model::draw(u32 shader_program)
 {
   for (int i=0; i < meshes.size(); i++)
@@ -346,6 +418,14 @@ void Model::draw(u32 shader_program)
   }
 }
 
+void Model::draw_instanced(u32 shader_program, u32 instance_count)
+{
+  for (int i=0; i < meshes.size(); i++)
+  {
+    meshes[i].draw_instanced(shader_program, instance_count);
+  }
+}
+
 void Model::load_model(std::string path)
 {
   Assimp::Importer import;
@@ -551,370 +631,96 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 		printf("Failed to initialize Glad\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
+
+  // vsync controls: 0 = OFF | 1 = ON (Default)
+  // SDL_GL_SetSwapInterval(0);
     
   // filesystem playground stuff
   size_t read_count;
-  char* vertex_source = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/depth_test.vs.glsl", &read_count);
-  char* fragment_source = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/depth_test.fs.glsl", &read_count);
-  char* blend_shader_source = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/blend_test.fs.glsl", &read_count);
-  char* fbo_vs = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/fbo.vs.glsl", &read_count);
-  char* fbo_fs = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/fbo.fs.glsl", &read_count);
-  char* cubemap_vs = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/cubemap.vs.glsl", &read_count);
-  char* cubemap_fs = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/cubemap.fs.glsl", &read_count);
-  char* refl_vs = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/refl.vs.glsl", &read_count);
-  char* refl_fs = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/refl.fs.glsl", &read_count);
-  char* refr_vs = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/refr.vs.glsl", &read_count);
-  char* refr_fs = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/refr.fs.glsl", &read_count);
+  char* vertex_source = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/model.vs.glsl", &read_count);
+  char* inst_vertex_source = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/instanced_model.vs.glsl", &read_count);
+  char* fragment_source = (char*)SDL_LoadFile("./source/shaders/model.fs.glsl", &read_count);
     
   u32 shader_program = gl_shader_program(vertex_source, fragment_source);
-	u32 blend_shader_program = gl_shader_program(vertex_source, blend_shader_source);
-	u32 fbo_shader_program = gl_shader_program(fbo_vs, fbo_fs);
-  u32 cubemap_shader_program = gl_shader_program(cubemap_vs, cubemap_fs);
-  u32 refl_shader_program = gl_shader_program(refl_vs, refl_fs);
-  u32 refr_shader_program = gl_shader_program(refr_vs, refr_fs);
-
-	printf("Successfully compiled shaders.\n");
+  u32 inst_shader_program = gl_shader_program(inst_vertex_source, fragment_source);
     
-  float cubeVertices[] = {
-    // Back face
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // Bottom-left
-     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right         
-     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
-    // Front face
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-    // Left face
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // top-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // top-right
-    // Right face
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-right
-     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right         
-     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-right
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left     
-    // Bottom face
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
-     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-    // Top face
-    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right     
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f  // bottom-left     
-  };
+  stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(1);
 
-   float planeVertices[] = {
+  Model planet_model = Model(std::string("./assets/planet/planet.obj"));
+  Model rock_model = Model(std::string("assets/rock/rock.obj"));
+  
+  float inst_vertices[] = {
       // positions          // texture Coords (note we set these higher than 1 (together with GL_REPEAT as texture wrapping mode). this will cause the floor texture to repeat)
       // BottomFace
-      -5.0f, -1.0f, -5.0f,  0.0f, 2.0f, // top-right
-       5.0f, -1.0f, -5.0f,  2.0f, 2.0f, // top-left
-       5.0f, -1.0f,  5.0f,  2.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-       5.0f, -1.0f,  5.0f,  2.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-      -5.0f, -1.0f,  5.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-      -5.0f, -1.0f, -5.0f,  0.0f, 2.0f, // top-right
+      -0.5f, -1.0f, -0.5f, // top-right
+       0.5f, -1.0f, -0.5f, // top-left
+       0.5f, -1.0f,  0.5f, // bottom-left
+       0.5f, -1.0f,  0.5f, // bottom-left
+      -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.5f, // bottom-right
+      -0.5f, -1.0f, -0.5f, // top-right
       // Top face
-      -5.0f, -0.5f, -5.0f,  0.0f, 2.0f, // top-left
-       5.0f, -0.5f,  5.0f,  2.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-       5.0f, -0.5f, -5.0f,  2.0f, 2.0f, // top-right     
-       5.0f, -0.5f,  5.0f,  2.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-      -5.0f, -0.5f, -5.0f,  0.0f, 2.0f, // top-left
-      -5.0f, -0.5f,  5.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f  // bottom-left     
-    };
-
-  float quadVertices[] = {
-      // Front face
-      -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-       0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-       0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-       0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-      -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
-      -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-      // Back face
-      -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // Bottom-left
-       0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-       0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right         
-       0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-      -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-      -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
-    };
-
-  float fboVertices[] = {
-      -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-       1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-       1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-       1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-      -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
-      -1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-  };
-
-  float skyboxVertices[] = {
-    // positions          
-    -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,
-    -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
-     1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
-     1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
-     1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,
-    -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,
-
-    -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,
-    -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
-    -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,
-    -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,
-    -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
-    -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,
-
-     1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
-     1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,
-     1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
-     1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
-     1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,
-     1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
-
-    -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,
-    -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
-     1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
-     1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
-     1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,
-    -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,
-
-    -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,
-     1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,
-     1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
-     1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
-    -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
-    -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,
-
-    -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
-    -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,
-     1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
-     1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
-    -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,
-     1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f
-  };
-  float reflVertices[] = {
-    // positions          // texture Coords (note we set these higher than 1 (together with GL_REPEAT as texture wrapping mode). this will cause the floor texture to repeat)
-    // Top face
-    //-5.0f,  0.5f, -5.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,// top-left
-    // 5.0f,  0.5f,  5.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,// bottom-right
-    // 5.0f,  0.5f, -5.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,// top-right     
-    // 5.0f,  0.5f,  5.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,// bottom-right
-    //-5.0f,  0.5f, -5.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,// top-left
-    //-5.0f,  0.5f,  5.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,// bottom-left     
-#if REFLECTIVE_PLANE
-    // Back face
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, // Bottom-left
-     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, // top-right
-     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, // bottom-right         
-     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, // top-right
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, // bottom-left
-    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, // top-left
-    // Front face
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-left
-     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-right
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // bottom-left
-    // Left face
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-right
-    // Right face
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-right         
-     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left     
-    // Bottom face
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // top-right
-     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // top-right
-#endif
-    // Top face
-    -4.0f,  0.0f, -4.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-     4.0f,  0.0f,  4.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-     4.0f,  0.0f, -4.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // top-right     
-     4.0f,  0.0f,  4.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-    -4.0f,  0.0f, -4.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-    -4.0f,  0.0f,  4.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f  // bottom-left      
-  };
-
-  float refrVertices[] = {
-    // Left face
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-right
-    // Right face
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-right         
-    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-right
-    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // top-left
-    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom-left     
+      -0.5f, -0.9f, -0.5f, // top-left
+       0.5f, -0.9f,  0.5f, // bottom-right
+       0.5f, -0.9f, -0.5f, // top-right     
+       0.5f, -0.9f,  0.5f, // bottom-right
+      -0.5f, -0.9f, -0.5f, // top-left
+      -0.5f, -0.9f,  0.5f // bottom-left     
   };
-
-  stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(1);
-  
-	u32 cube_vao, cube_vbo, plane_vao, plane_vbo, quad_vao, quad_vbo, fbo_vao, fbo_vbo, 
-      skybox_vao, skybox_vbo, refl_vao, refl_vbo, refr_vao, refr_vbo;
-	
-	glGenVertexArrays(1, &cube_vao);
-	glGenBuffers(1, &cube_vbo);
-
-	glBindVertexArray(cube_vao);
-  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, cube_vbo);
-  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(cubeVertices), &cubeVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3*sizeof(float)));
-  glBindVertexArray(0);
-
-	glGenVertexArrays(1, &plane_vao);
-	glGenBuffers(1, &plane_vbo);
-
-	glBindVertexArray(plane_vao);
-  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, plane_vbo);
-  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(planeVertices), &planeVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3*sizeof(float)));
-  glBindVertexArray(0);
-
-	glGenVertexArrays(1, &quad_vao);
-	glGenBuffers(1, &quad_vbo);
-
-	glBindVertexArray(quad_vao);
-  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quad_vbo);
-  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(quadVertices), &quadVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 4 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 4 * sizeof(float), (void*)(2*sizeof(float)));
-  glBindVertexArray(0);
-
-  // framebuffer objects
-	glGenVertexArrays(1, &fbo_vao);
-	glGenBuffers(1, &fbo_vbo);
-
-	glBindVertexArray(fbo_vao);
-  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, fbo_vbo);
-  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(fboVertices), &fboVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 4 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 4 * sizeof(float), (void*)(2*sizeof(float)));
-  glBindVertexArray(0);
-
-  // skybox objects
-	glGenVertexArrays(1, &skybox_vao);
-	glGenBuffers(1, &skybox_vbo);
-
-	glBindVertexArray(skybox_vao);
-  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, skybox_vbo);
-  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(skyboxVertices), &skyboxVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
-  glBindVertexArray(0);
-
-  // reflective surface objects
-	glGenVertexArrays(1, &refl_vao);
-	glGenBuffers(1, &refl_vbo);
-
-	glBindVertexArray(refl_vao);
-  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, refl_vbo);
-  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(reflVertices), &reflVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3*sizeof(float)));
-  glBindVertexArray(0);
-
-  // refractive surface objects
-	glGenVertexArrays(1, &refr_vao);
-	glGenBuffers(1, &refr_vbo);
-
-	glBindVertexArray(refr_vao);
-  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, refr_vbo);
-  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(refrVertices), &refrVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
-  glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
-  glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3*sizeof(float)));
-  glBindVertexArray(0);
-
-  u32 window_tex_id;
-  glGenTextures(1, &window_tex_id);
-  glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);
+  const u32 instance_count = 100000;
+  Mat4 *offsets = (Mat4 *)calloc(instance_count, sizeof(Mat4));
+  u32 amount = instance_count;
+  r32 offset = 7.0f;
+  r32 radius = 50.0f;
+  srand(SDL_GetTicks64());
+  for (u32 i = 0; i < amount; i++)
   {
-    char *path = "assets/window.png";
-    s32 _width, _height, nrChannels;
-    unsigned char *data = stbi_load(path, &_width, &_height, &nrChannels, 0);
-    if (data)
-    {
-      GLenum format;
-      if (nrChannels == 1)
-        format = GL_RED;
-      else if (nrChannels == 3)
-        format = GL_RGB;
-      else if (nrChannels == 4)
-        format = GL_RGBA;
-
-      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, window_tex_id);
-      glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, _width, _height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-      glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
-
-      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
-      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-
-      stbi_image_free(data);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-      printf("failed to load image texture at path: %s", path);
-      stbi_image_free(data);
-    }
+    Mat4 model = init_value4m(1.0f);
+    
+    // 1. translation
+    u32 angle = (i*360)/amount;
+    r32 displacement = (rand()%(u32)(2 * offset * 100)) / 100.0f - offset;
+    r32 x = sin(angle) * radius + displacement; 
+    displacement = (rand()%(u32)(2 * offset * 100)) / 100.0f - offset;
+    r32 y = displacement * 1.5f;
+    displacement = (rand()%(u32)(2 * offset * 100)) / 100.0f - offset;
+    r32 z = cos(angle) * radius + displacement;
+    Mat4 translation = translation_matrix4m(x, y, z);
+
+    // 2. scale
+    r32 rnd_scale = (rand()%20) / 100.0f + 0.05;
+    Mat4 scale = scaling_matrix4m(rnd_scale, rnd_scale, rnd_scale);
+
+    // 3. rotation
+    r32 rot_angle = To_Radian(rand()%360);
+    Mat4 rotation = rotation_matrix4m(rot_angle, Vec3{0.4f, 0.6f, 0.8f});
+
+    model = multiply4m(rotation, model);
+    model = multiply4m(scale, model);
+    model = multiply4m(translation, model);
+
+    offsets[i] = to_col_major4m(model);
   }
+    
+	u32 instance_vbo;
+  glGenBuffers(1, &instance_vbo);
+  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, instance_vbo);
+
+#if 0
+  u32 offset_sz = offsets.size();
+  Mat4 *offset_ptr = offsets.data();
+#endif
+  u32 offset_sz = instance_count * sizeof(Mat4);
+  Mat4 *offset_ptr = &offsets[0];
+  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, offset_sz, offset_ptr, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
-  u32 cube_tex_id;
-  glGenTextures(1, &cube_tex_id);
-  glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-  gl_load_texture(cube_tex_id, "assets/container.jpg");
+  rock_model.instance_mesh();
 
-  u32 plane_tex_id;
-  glGenTextures(1, &plane_tex_id);
-  glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
-  gl_load_texture(plane_tex_id, "assets/smiling.png");
+  // uniform buffer objects
+  u32 ubo_camera_block;
+  glGenBuffers(1, &ubo_camera_block);
+  glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, ubo_camera_block);
+  glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 128, NULL, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+  glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);
 
 	// objects
 	Vec3 model_translations[] = {
@@ -927,7 +733,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     Vec3{ -1.0, 0.0, -8.0}, // 6: reflective plane
     Vec3{ -1.0, 2.0, -8.0}, // 6: refractive "window"
 	};
-    
+
 	r32 FOV = 90.0;
 	r32 time_curr;
 	r32 time_prev = SDL_GetTicks64() / 100.0;
@@ -943,128 +749,29 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
   
   // @todo: remove this, I dont like this and think that this is unnecessary
   Vec3 camera_look_increment;
-	r32 camera_speed = 0.5f;
+	r32 camera_speed = 2.5f;
     
 	Mat4 view = camera_create4m(camera_pos, camera_look, preset_up_dir);
 	
-	Mat4 proj = perspective4m((r32)To_Radian(90.0), (r32)width / (r32)height, 0.1f, 100.0f);
-  // needs this
-  glUseProgram(shader_program);
-	uint32_t proj_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "Projection");
-	glUniformMatrix4fv(proj_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, proj.buffer);
-
-  glUseProgram(blend_shader_program);
-	proj_loc = glGetUniformLocation(blend_shader_program, "Projection");
-	glUniformMatrix4fv(proj_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, proj.buffer);
-
-  glUseProgram(cubemap_shader_program);
-	proj_loc = glGetUniformLocation(cubemap_shader_program, "Projection");
-	glUniformMatrix4fv(proj_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, proj.buffer);
-
-  glUseProgram(refl_shader_program);
-	proj_loc = glGetUniformLocation(refl_shader_program, "Projection");
-	glUniformMatrix4fv(proj_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, proj.buffer);
-
-  glUseProgram(refr_shader_program);
-	proj_loc = glGetUniformLocation(refr_shader_program, "Projection");
-	glUniformMatrix4fv(proj_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, proj.buffer);
+	Mat4 proj = perspective4m((r32)To_Radian(90.0), (r32)width / (r32)height, 0.1f, 1000.0f);
+
+  u32 block_binding = 0;
+  u32 matrices_ind;
+  matrices_ind = glGetUniformBlockIndex(shader_program, "Matrices");
+  glUniformBlockBinding(shader_program, matrices_ind, block_binding);
+  matrices_ind = glGetUniformBlockIndex(inst_shader_program, "Matrices");
+  glUniformBlockBinding(inst_shader_program, matrices_ind, block_binding);
+  // or glBindBufferBase();
+  glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, block_binding, ubo_camera_block, 0, 128); 
+
+  Mat4 col_major_proj = to_col_major4m(proj);
+  glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, ubo_camera_block);
+  glBufferSubData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 64, 64, col_major_proj.buffer);
+  glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);
 	
 	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
-  glEnable(GL_BLEND);
   glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
-  glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
   glCullFace(GL_BACK);
-  //glFrontFace(GL_CW); // front-faces are clock-wise, this will make the back-faces visible (since the arrays used were
-                      // setup as counter-clockwise)
-  u32 fbo;
-  glGenFramebuffers(1, &fbo);
-  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo);
-
-  // create a texture for the framebuffer to render data to
-  u32 fbo_tex;
-  glGenTextures(1, &fbo_tex);
-  glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE3);
-  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, fbo_tex);
-  glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
-  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
-
-  u32 rbo;
-  glGenRenderbuffers(1, &rbo);
-  glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, rbo);
-  glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8, width, height);
-  glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, 0);
-
-  // attach to current bound framebuffer object
-  glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, fbo_tex, 0);
-  glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, rbo);
-
-  if (glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
-    printf("Error! Framebuffer is not completely setup\n");
-    return -1;
-  }
-  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
-
-  // generate_cubemap
-  const char *cm_face_right = "assets/skybox/right.jpg";
-  const char *cm_face_left = "assets/skybox/left.jpg";
-  const char *cm_face_top = "assets/skybox/top.jpg";
-  const char *cm_face_bottom = "assets/skybox/bottom.jpg";
-  const char *cm_face_back = "assets/skybox/back.jpg";
-  const char *cm_face_front = "assets/skybox/front.jpg";
-
-  u32 cm_tex_id;
-  {
-    stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(0);
-    glGenTextures(1, &cm_tex_id);
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, cm_tex_id);
-    int cm_width, cm_height, cm_nrChannels;
-    unsigned char *data;
-    // right face
-    data = stbi_load(cm_face_right, &cm_width, &cm_height, &cm_nrChannels, 0);
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + 0, 0, GL_RGB, cm_width, cm_height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-    // left face
-    data = stbi_load(cm_face_left, &cm_width, &cm_height, &cm_nrChannels, 0);
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + 1, 0, GL_RGB, cm_width, cm_height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-    // top face
-    data = stbi_load(cm_face_top, &cm_width, &cm_height, &cm_nrChannels, 0);
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + 2, 0, GL_RGB, cm_width, cm_height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-    // bottom face
-    data = stbi_load(cm_face_bottom, &cm_width, &cm_height, &cm_nrChannels, 0);
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + 3, 0, GL_RGB, cm_width, cm_height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-    // back face
-    data = stbi_load(cm_face_back, &cm_width, &cm_height, &cm_nrChannels, 0);
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + 4, 0, GL_RGB, cm_width, cm_height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-    // front face
-    data = stbi_load(cm_face_front, &cm_width, &cm_height, &cm_nrChannels, 0);
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + 5, 0, GL_RGB, cm_width, cm_height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-
-    // texture filtering methods
-    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-
-    glUseProgram(cubemap_shader_program);
-    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-    s32 skybox_loc = glGetUniformLocation(cubemap_shader_program, "skybox");
-    glUniform1i(skybox_loc, 0);
-    stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(1);
-  }
-
-  {
-    glUseProgram(refl_shader_program);
-    s32 skybox_loc = glGetUniformLocation(refl_shader_program, "skybox");
-    glUniform1i(skybox_loc, 0);
-  }
-
-  {
-    glUseProgram(refr_shader_program);
-    s32 skybox_loc = glGetUniformLocation(refr_shader_program, "skybox");
-    glUniform1i(skybox_loc, 0);
-  }
 
 	u8 game_running = true;
     
@@ -1185,205 +892,40 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     view = camera_create4m(camera_pos, add3v(camera_pos, camera_look), preset_up_dir);
         
 		// object shader program stuff
-    glUseProgram(shader_program);
-    uint32_t view_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "View");
-		glUniformMatrix4fv(view_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, view.buffer);
+    Mat4 col_major_view = to_col_major4m(view);
+    glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, ubo_camera_block);
+    glBufferSubData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, 64, col_major_view.buffer);
+    glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);
     
-    glUseProgram(blend_shader_program);
-    view_loc = glGetUniformLocation(blend_shader_program, "View");
-		glUniformMatrix4fv(view_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, view.buffer);
-		
-    glUseProgram(refl_shader_program);
-    view_loc = glGetUniformLocation(refl_shader_program, "View");
-		glUniformMatrix4fv(view_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, view.buffer);
-
-    glUseProgram(refr_shader_program);
-    view_loc = glGetUniformLocation(refr_shader_program, "View");
-		glUniformMatrix4fv(view_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, view.buffer);
-
-    glUseProgram(cubemap_shader_program);
-    view_loc = glGetUniformLocation(cubemap_shader_program, "View");
-    view.xyzw[0].w = 0.0f;
-    view.xyzw[1].w = 0.0f;
-    view.xyzw[2].w = 0.0f;
-		glUniformMatrix4fv(view_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, view.buffer);
-
 		time_prev = time_curr;
 		
 		// OUTPUT
-    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo);
 		glClearColor(1.0f, 0.6f, .6f, 1.0f);
 		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
-    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
-    glDisable(GL_BLEND);
-    { //plane
-      glUseProgram(shader_program);
-      // @note: this is just a test, I dont need to do this here;
-      s32 tex_id_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "TexId");
-      glUniform1i(tex_id_loc, 1);
-      Vec3 translation_iter = model_translations[1];
-      Mat4 model = init_value4m(1.0);
-      Mat4 model_translation = translation_matrix4m(translation_iter.x, translation_iter.y, translation_iter.z);
-      model = multiply4m(model_translation, model);
-      uint32_t model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "Model");
-      glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, model.buffer);
-      glBindVertexArray(plane_vao);
-      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, plane_tex_id);
-      glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 12);
-    }
-
-    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
-    glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
-    {//origin square
-      glUseProgram(shader_program);
-      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, cube_tex_id);
-      s32 tex_id_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "TexId");
-      glUniform1i(tex_id_loc, 0);
-      Vec3 translation_iter = model_translations[0];
-      Mat4 model = init_value4m(1.0);
-      Mat4 model_translation = translation_matrix4m(translation_iter.x, translation_iter.y, translation_iter.z);
-      model = multiply4m(model_translation, model);
-      uint32_t model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "Model");
-      glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, model.buffer);
-      glBindVertexArray(cube_vao);
-      glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
-    }
-    {//square to the left
-      glUseProgram(shader_program);
-      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, cube_tex_id);
-      s32 tex_id_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "TexId");
-      glUniform1i(tex_id_loc, 0);
-      Vec3 translation_iter = model_translations[4];
-      Mat4 model = init_value4m(1.0);
-      Mat4 model_translation = translation_matrix4m(translation_iter.x, translation_iter.y, translation_iter.z);
-      model = multiply4m(model_translation, model);
-      uint32_t model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "Model");
-      glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, model.buffer);
-      glBindVertexArray(cube_vao);
-      glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
-    }
-    {//random square behind window between squares
+		{
       glUseProgram(shader_program);
-      s32 tex_id_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "TexId");
-      glUniform1i(tex_id_loc, 0);
-      Vec3 translation_iter = model_translations[5];
-      Mat4 model = init_value4m(1.0);
-      Mat4 model_translation = translation_matrix4m(translation_iter.x, translation_iter.y, translation_iter.z);
-      model = multiply4m(model_translation, model);
-      uint32_t model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "Model");
-      glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, model.buffer);
-      glBindVertexArray(cube_vao);
-      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, cube_tex_id);
-      glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
-    }
-    { // reflective plane
-      glUseProgram(refl_shader_program);
-      Vec3 translation_iter = model_translations[6];
-      Mat4 model = init_value4m(1.0);
-      Mat4 model_translation = translation_matrix4m(translation_iter.x, translation_iter.y, translation_iter.z);
-
-      model = multiply4m(model_translation, model);
-      uint32_t model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(refl_shader_program, "Model");
-      glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, model.buffer);
-
-      uint32_t camera_pos_loc = glGetUniformLocation(refl_shader_program, "cameraPos");
-      glUniform3fv(camera_pos_loc, 1, camera_pos.data);
-      glBindVertexArray(refl_vao);
-      glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
-    }
-    { // reflective plane
-      glUseProgram(refr_shader_program);
-      Vec3 translation_iter = model_translations[7];
-      Mat4 model = init_value4m(1.0);
-      Mat4 model_translation = translation_matrix4m(translation_iter.x, translation_iter.y, translation_iter.z);
-
-      model = multiply4m(model_translation, model);
-      uint32_t model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(refr_shader_program, "Model");
-      glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, model.buffer);
-
-      uint32_t camera_pos_loc = glGetUniformLocation(refr_shader_program, "cameraPos");
-      glUniform3fv(camera_pos_loc, 1, camera_pos.data);
-      glBindVertexArray(refr_vao);
-      glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 12);
-    }
-    {
-      glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);
-      glUseProgram(cubemap_shader_program);
-      glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-      glBindVertexArray(skybox_vao);
-      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, cm_tex_id);
-      glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
-      glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
-    }
+			Vec3 translation_iter = model_translations[0];
+			Mat4 model = init_value4m(1.0);
+      Mat4 model_scale = scaling_matrix4m(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f);
+			model = multiply4m(model_scale, model);
+			Mat4 model_translation = translation_matrix4m(translation_iter.x, translation_iter.y, translation_iter.z);
+			model = multiply4m(model_translation, model);
+      u32 model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(shader_program, "Model");
+			glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, model.buffer);
+      planet_model.draw(shader_program);
+		}
+		{
+      rock_model.draw_instanced(inst_shader_program, instance_count);
+		}
 
-    // @note: this is to demonstrate the limitations of blending with the depth buffer.
-    // Currently, this will show a weird behavior where since we render the transparent object
-    // closest to the camera first, the second window, further from the player will be discarded by the 
-    // depth buffer and will be invisible.
-    // This is a limiation of transparent objects with the depth buffer. This does not happen with opaque objects.
-    //
-    // The "fix" if we can even call it that, is to render objects in order, furthest first and closest second, in layers.
-    
-    {//window infront of origin square
-      glUseProgram(blend_shader_program);
-      s32 tex_id_loc = glGetUniformLocation(blend_shader_program, "TexId");
-      glUniform1i(tex_id_loc, 2);
-      Vec3 translation_iter = model_translations[3];
-      Mat4 model = init_value4m(1.0);
-      Mat4 model_translation = translation_matrix4m(translation_iter.x, translation_iter.y, translation_iter.z);
-      model = multiply4m(model_translation, model);
-      uint32_t model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(blend_shader_program, "Model");
-      glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, model.buffer);
-      glBindVertexArray(quad_vao);
-      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, window_tex_id);
-      glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 12);
-    }
-    {//window between squares
-      glUseProgram(blend_shader_program);
-      s32 tex_id_loc = glGetUniformLocation(blend_shader_program, "TexId");
-      glUniform1i(tex_id_loc, 2);
-      Vec3 translation_iter = model_translations[2];
-      Mat4 model = init_value4m(1.0);
-      Mat4 model_translation = translation_matrix4m(translation_iter.x, translation_iter.y, translation_iter.z);
-      model = multiply4m(model_translation, model);
-      uint32_t model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(blend_shader_program, "Model");
-      glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_TRUE, model.buffer);
-      glBindVertexArray(quad_vao);
-      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, window_tex_id);
-      glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 12);
-    }
-    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
-    // draw everything to a framebuffer object
-    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
-    glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); 
-    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
-    {
-      glUseProgram(fbo_shader_program);
-      glBindVertexArray(fbo_vao);
-      // @note: this glActiveTexture call was the bane of my existence for the day, this is done to check this particular
-      // thing regarding which texture unit the framebuffer object gets called to and it turns out, it needs a glActiveTexture
-      // call (atleast in my case) since I am rendering multiple textures which are bound to different texture units,
-      // primarily because of the different shaders I am using. 
-      //
-      // So this is why I need to call this, but what I could also do is call glActiveTexture when creating the texture 
-      // and it would have the same effect as this
-      glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, fbo_tex);
-      s32 tex_id_loc = glGetUniformLocation(fbo_shader_program, "TexId");
-      glUniform1i(tex_id_loc, 0);
-      glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
-    }
-    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
 		SDL_GL_SwapWindow(window);
 	}
 	
 	// opengl free calls
-	//glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
-	//glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
+	//glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vao);
+	//glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
 	glDeleteProgram(shader_program);
-	glDeleteProgram(blend_shader_program);
-  glDeleteProgram(fbo_shader_program);
 	
 	// sdl free calls
 	SDL_GL_DeleteContext(context);